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c_sharp_variant.rst: add more examples, fix explicit vs. implicit
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@@ -9,17 +9,67 @@ For a detailed explanation of Variant in general, see the :ref:`Variant <class_V
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We recommend avoiding ``Godot.Variant`` unless it is necessary to interact with untyped engine APIs.
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Take advantage of C#'s type safety when possible.
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Any of ``Variant.As{TYPE}`` methods or the generic ``Variant.As<T>`` method can be used to convert
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a ``Godot.Variant`` to a C# type. Since the ``Godot.Variant`` type contains implicit conversions
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defined for all the supported types, calling these methods directly is usually not necessary.
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Converting from a supported type to ``Godot.Variant`` can be done using implicit conversions. Also
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available are ``CreateFrom`` method overloads and the generic ``Variant.From<T>`` methods.
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Use ``CreateFrom`` method overloads or the generic ``Variant.From<T>`` method to convert a C# type
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to a ``Godot.Variant``.
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.. code-block:: csharp
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int x = 42;
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Godot.Variant number = x;
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Godot.Variant hello = "Hello, World!";
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Godot.Variant number2 = Godot.Variant.CreateFrom(x);
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Godot.Variant number3 = Godot.Variant.From(x);
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Implicit conversions to ``Godot.Variant`` make passing variants as method arguments very convenient.
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For example, ``final_val`` of :ref:`tween_property<class_Tween_method_tween_property>`.
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.. code-block:: csharp
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Tween tween = CreateTween();
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tween.TweenProperty(GetNode("Sprite"), "modulate", Colors.Red, 1.0f);
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Converting from ``Godot.Variant`` to a supported type can be done using explicit conversions. Also
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available are ``Variant.As{TYPE}`` methods or the generic ``Variant.As<T>`` method.
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.. code-block:: csharp
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int cSharpNumber = (int)number;
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string cSharpHello = (string)hello;
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int cSharpNumber2 = number.As<int>();
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string cSharpHello2 = hello.AsString();
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.. note::
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All methods of converting from ``Godot.Variant`` to a C# type behave the same way. If conversion
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is not possible, the default value of the target type or an empty array is returned. An
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exception is not thrown.
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A matching type is not necessary for a conversion to succeed. For example, all variants are
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convertible to ``string``.
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.. code-block:: csharp
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string s = Variant.From(new Vector3(1, 3, 9)).As<string>();
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GD.Print(s); // (1, 3, 9)
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Some C# types are not directly represented by ``Variant.Type``. The ``Variant.As{TYPE}`` method uses
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a more specific name to represent them.
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.. code-block:: csharp
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int cSharpNumber3 = number.AsInt32();
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To convert ``Godot.Variant`` to a C# ``object`` without specifying a more specific target type, use
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the ``Variant.Obj`` property. This can be used to compare two variants that both have unknown types
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using the equality operator ``==``. When possible, prefer more specific conversions. ``Variant.Obj``
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may result in unnecessary boxing of value types.
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.. note::
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Since the Variant type in C# is a struct, it can't be null. To create a "null"
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Variant use the ``default`` keyword or the parameterless constructor.
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Variant, use the ``default`` keyword or ``Godot.Variant`` parameterless constructor.
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Variant-compatible types
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------------------------
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@@ -79,7 +129,7 @@ Variant.Type C# Type
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Godot uses 64-bit integers and floats in Variant. Smaller integer and float types
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such as ``int``, ``short`` and ``float`` are supported since they can fit in the
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bigger type. Be aware that an implicit conversion is performed so using the wrong
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bigger type. Be aware that when a conversion is performed, using the wrong
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type will result in potential precision loss.
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.. warning::
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